Doctrine
Loadouts and fire behavior — not stat buffs.
WHAT IT ACTUALLY DOES
Loads specific munitions into weapon slots automatically — a preset loadout (e.g. an anti-radar doctrine auto-equips anti-radiation missiles).
Sets targeting priority — which target category the unit goes after first.
Sets fire behavior — "salvo" (fire everything at once) or "shoot-look-shoot" (fire one, confirm the hit, then commit the rest — for conserving expensive munitions).
NOTHING HIDDEN
All of this is fully visible to the player as the unit's equipped loadout and orders — nothing is a hidden stat buff. A unit has one active doctrine's loadout and rules at a time; applying a different one simply overwrites the previous one.